Perhaps Luke’s most admirable accomplishment was his work as a writer. Luke crafted two volumes of writing that present the overall message of Christ and give an accurate historical account of the formative years of Christianity. These narratives are the Gospel according to Luke and the Acts of the Apostles. 

In his writing, St. Luke shows how the salvation promised to Israel was accomplished by Jesus and extended to the Gentiles.  As a careful historian, Luke sets the scene of Jesus' birth in its political context by mentioning various rulers and places at the time.  He presents a comprehensive and articulate understanding of the overall life of Jesus from His birth to His Resurrection.  The overall tone of the Gospel of Luke was inviting and encouraging, as he wrote for the non-Jews of the day to understand that Jesus had not only come for the salvation of the Jews but that salvation was extended to the Gentiles and to everyone.

The common language of the Mediterranean region in Luke’s day was Greek, and thus St. Luke wrote his Gospel and the Acts in Greek. When citing the Jewish Scriptures, he quotes the Septuagint, which the rabbis of Alexandria in Egypt had translated from the original Hebrew for use by the Jewish diaspora in Rome, Antioch, and throughout the Mediterranean. Thus outside Judea, Greek became the first language of evangelization for both Jew and Greek, and the Septuagint the Church’s first version of the Old Testament.

St. Luke’s Gospel is one of the three Synoptic Gospels, along with St. Matthew’s and St. Mark’s. There are, however, certain events that St. Luke records that the former two do not. Among the most prominent are the Birth of John the Baptist (1:5-25), Jesus being foretold (1:26-38), the Visitation of Mary to Elizabeth (1:39-56), the birth of John the Baptist (1:57-80), the Circumcision and Presentation (2:21-40), the Finding in the Temple (2:41-52), the Good Samaritan (10:29-37), and the Parable of the Lost Son (15:11-32).

Even though St. Luke wasn’t an Apostle, and likely never met Jesus, he tells us in Luke 1:1-4, and in Acts 1:1-5, that his sources were eyewitnesses to the events, and to the teaching of Jesus. He himself was probably introduced to the faith by the Apostle Paul, and even accompanied him as he brought the faith to Europe (Col 4:14, Philemon 1:24, 2 Tim 4:11).  It also seems clear from the infancy narratives of chapters 1 & 2 that he received those details from the only witness who knew them, the Mother of the Lord. Finally, since he traveled with Paul to Rome, he also would have met St. Peter and St. Mark. From all of them, he would have obtained accurate and detailed accounts of the various events.

The Church’s liturgical year is made of feasts that celebrate the events of salvation history. St. Luke records many of the events and individuals so celebrated, including the Annunciation to Mary (Lk. 1:26-38), the Birth of John (Lk 1:36-37), and of Our Lord (Lk. 2:1-7), as well as the His Circumcision (Lk 2:21) and Presentation in the Temple. Like the other evangelists, he records the events of Christ’s ministry and His Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension. Then, in the Acts, he continues from the Ascension to Pentecost, the election of Matthias, the death of the proto-martyr Stephen, the Conversion of Paul, and the martyrdom of James the Great. We also meet other early believers, such as Barnabas, John Mark, Lydia, and Dorcas, all of whom the Church celebrates for their faith in Christ. 

St. Luke gives us a very intimate and beautiful depiction of our Blessed Mother, showing her initial wonder and surprise at the arrival of the angel Gabriel and her later acceptance of her role as the mother of Christ (Luke 1:26). Luke's Gospel also includes the story of Mary visiting her pregnant cousin Elizabeth (Luke 1:39), and St. Luke alone includes the beautiful “Magnificat,” Mary’s song of praise (Luke 1:47). He is known to have had a close relationship with our Blessed Mother and based his infancy narrative on stories she told him as a firsthand witness to the life of Christ. 

St. Luke was said to have been very skilled at painting, and tradition holds that he painted images of the Blessed Mother and the Infant Child Jesus. Theodorus Lector, a sixth-century Greek historian, supported this claim, saying a picture of the Blessed Virgin Mary – painted by St. Luke – was sent to the Empress Pulcheria. She then placed it in the Hodegon Monastery, which Pulcheria built in Mary’s honor at Constantinople.

An ancient inscription was also discovered near the Church of St. Mary in Rome, saying a picture of the Blessed Virgin was discovered there, “One of the seven painted by St. Luke.” Three or four of these images still exist today.

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They were close friends and traveling companions on their mission of evangelization, beginning in Troas in Asia Minor and continuing on in Greece and ultimately to Rome. St. Paul refers to him as “the beloved physician” (Col 4:14), and at the end of the Acts of the Apostles, Luke records what is effectively Paul’s “last testament” (Acts 28:23-31). Whether Luke was present in Rome when St. Paul was martyred is not recorded. 

Luke addressed his Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles to “most excellent Theophilus” ― the name being Latin for “friend of God.”  As such, it suggests that the Gospel and the Acts were addressed to a Christian, whether a particular person or as a pseudonym for Christian readers generally. The use of such literary devices was not uncommon in his day. If to a specific person, some think Luke was writing to an imperial official whom he had met while in Rome, and whom he wished to educate further about Christ.